Adkison-M-D. 1995. Population differentiation in Pacific salmon: Local adaptation, genetic drift, or the environment?. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52:2762-2777.

American Biology Teacher – I’m sure you know this one – a good source of labs for genetics and evolution.

Arnheim, N., White, W., and Rainey, W. 1990. Application of PCR: Organismal and Population Biology. Bioscience. 40:174-181.

Avise, J. 1994. Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution. Chapman and Hall, New York - Great reference for application of molecular techniques to interesting ecological and evolutionary questions.

Bloom, M.V., G.A. Freyer and D.A. Micklos. 1996. Laboratory DNA Science. Benjamin Cummings Publishing Company Inc. – This book is full of exercises and in-depth explanations of the techniques you are using here, in addition to many more. Make sure you also get the Instructor’s Preparation Guide that goes with it.

Ferraris, J.D. and S.R. Palumbi. Molecular Zoology: Advances Strategies and Protocols. Wiley Liss, New York. - This book provides examples of many different applications of molecular techniques to evolutionary, ecological and behavioral questions. There are protocols in the back too, though most of them are well beyond what you probably want to do with your class.

Hartl, D and A. Clark. A Primer for Population Genetics. – A short text on population genetics.

Moran, P., D. A. Dightman, R. S. Waples, and L. K. Park. 1997. PCR-RFLP analysis reveals substantial population-level variation in the introns of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). Mar Mol Biol Biotechnol 6:315-327. - The paper that describes a number of RFLP loci that work in chinook and steelhead and some other salmonids, as well.

Nei, M. 1987. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. New York, Columbia Univ. Press - one of the more digestible sources for background in understanding molecular variation in natural populations

NRC. 1996. Upstream: Salmon and Society in the Pacific Northwest. National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington D.C.

NMFS' status reviews are great for learning basic salmon biology and they are accessible over the web.. The Upstream document and the Columbia River Tribal Recovery Plan are sources for understanding causes of decline and options for recovery.

There are many, many more, but this should get you started.

Project Description | Overview & Objectives | Protocols | Data Sheet | Useful References